G-as-buening lamp



s. ANDREWS.

Lamp. No. 14,994.. Patented June 3, 1856.

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SOLOMON ANDREWS, OF PERTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY.

GAS-BURNING LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,994, dated June 3, 1856.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, SoLoMoN ANDREws, M. D., of Perth Amboy, in the county of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Improved Arrangement and Construction of a Burner or Generator for a Gas-Lamp.

It is especially adapted to the burning of volatile or the more combustible liquids. It renders them perfectly safe, by preventing their becoming heated, sends forth its flame of gaslight with any amount of force required, producing more perfect combustion, and avoids almost entirely the necessity of trimming a lamp. I denominate it a self generating safety gas lamp.

This invention may be applied to any kind of lamp now in use and I shall prolamp with the gas apparatus attached. The

open top of the outer cylinder or tube is seen at (a), the inner or wick tube at (b), the gas burner or generator on it at (0), and the flame or gaslight issuing from the orifice at(d.)

Fig. 2, is the invention or apparatus in section. (8,) is the screw top into which the wick tubes are ordinarily inserted, but instead thereof it is attached to the open end of a cylinder or tube (a) which cylinder extends down into the fluid to be burned to near the bottom of the lamp. From the bottom of this cylinder or tube, and within its circumference rises a smaller or wick tube (1),) openat both ends, on which the gas generator is placed as shown at (0, Fig. 1.)

Fig. 3, is a gas burner or generator for a single jet of flame from the center of the top, as represented in the drawing at (d, Fig. 1.) (a) is a hollow turret or cap fitted to the upper end of the wick tube (1), Fig. 2,) and should be made of some good conducting metal. (Z), 6,) are wires on conductors rising from the said turret or cap, and surrounding the jet of flame to conduct caloric from the flame downward to the cap, and thence it is conducted to the tube on which the cap is placed. One or more of these wires may project down into the turret to increase the heat of the vapor which is generated in the tube and convert it into a more perfect or permanent gas before it reaches the flame.

Fig. 4, is a burner for two jets, made in the same manner with a cap, and a projecting wire, bent in the form of an arch, the two ends attached to the cap near its top and terminating there, or passing down into it. This burner may be made to produce a bats wing or aswallow tail shaped light, by so making the orifices as to send their jets under the arch toward the side opposite the orifices.

Figs. 5, are for three jets; one with three projecting wires and a jet of flame between each; the other with a single conducting rod rising from the center of the cap with a ball upon the end, and the three flames to surround it. (a) is a metallic disk or flanch soldered on the cap immediately below the orifices where the jets of flame issue, to protect the flames from the current of air; which, added to the force of jet, might otherwise carry them up before it, and cool the conducting rod. This disk increases the length of the flames. It may be made in the form of a saucer when it will better protect the jets of flame and will be convenient to receive a little alcohol or other liquid for lighting, especially in the larger sized burners. In the open circular, or astral lamp the same efiect will be produced by the extension of the open end of the outer cylinder or tube above the orifices of the gas generator; which cylinder keeps the wick tube in its whole length from imparting its caloric to the surrounding medium of cold air.

Fig. 6, is a burner for four jets, having a conducting rod in the form of a cross. It is improved by another transverse bar at right angles, there being then a projecting end between each plane.

Fig. 7, is a five hole burner, with a single conducting rod rising from the cap, and a disk or flanch (a) soldered on the rod half an inch, more or less, above the top of the cap. The flames surround this disk, which conducts the heat to the rod, and by increasing its diameter with a proportionate increase in the thickness of the rod and the size of the cap, any number of jets of flame may be had; so that the quantity of light may be increased, and regulated, to almost any extent on a single lamp, by having suit able generators to apply to the wick tube. A short piece of wick should be put loosely into the wick tube but it need not extend out at either end. If tight anywhere it should be at the bottom.

I have thus described a numberof variations in the construction of these burners or generators, but it is evident that they may be varied almost indefinitely while the principle of construction will remain the same, and to which principle of construction, only, I intend to confine myself.

The operation as well as the advantages or improvement in my invention may be summed up as follows viz.: First, the outer cylinder which surrounds the wick tube cuts off its intermediate connection with the top of the lamp, and prevents the fluid in the lamp from coming in contact with the outside of the wick tube, so that neither the lamp nor the bulk of fluid within the lamp will become heated thereby, to vaporize and endanger explosion. Atmospheric pressure may be safely admitted into this lamp and should be so admitted to insure a regular light. Secondly, the inner or wick tube, being as it were insulated by the surrounding cylinder, and extending down to near the bottom of the lamp, (thus increasing its length without a corresponding increase of capillary attraction,) does not part with its caloric except to the fluid within the tubes, where it is concentrated to vaporize the small portion of fluid contained in the wick within it. Thirdly, by the construction of the burner or generator and its efliciency in conducting heat to the interior of the in- 's'ulated wick tube the flame is made longer without smoke and the light produced is made brighter, from the same fluid; because ejected in a very heated and expanded state with so much force into the atmosphere, it produces a more perfect combustion; indeed it avoids all possibility of smoking if the orifices are not made too large. Of course it is also economical by producing far more light from the same quantity of fluid than by burning it in any other known mode. As to convenience, there is no necessity for any trimming of a lampfor weeks or months, and then only to cut ofl a little of the upper end of the wick or by substi tuting a new piece. No glasses or chimneys are required.

Thus by this invention we avoid all danger of explosion from the use of the more combustible fluids, and can so concentrate the caloric obtained from the lower end of the flame without obstructing the light as to maintain a constant force to project the vapor more or less gasified, through extremely small orifices producing a brilliant, economical and steady, as well as portable gas light.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is The wick tube surrounded by an outer tube or cylinder, in the manner and for the purpose within described.

SOLOMON ANDREW'S.

Witnesses:

WM. DUNHAM, SoLoMoN ANDREWS, Jr. 

